- WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH REGISTRATION
- WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH SERIES
- WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH WINDOWS
Normally, copper or zinc plates are used, and the incisions are created by etching or engraving the image, but one may also use mezzotint. Intaglio is a printing technique in which the image is incised into a surface. A Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) within the transparent window can create a comparable effect but requires a laser beam for its verification. For example, the Australian dollar has its coat of arms watermarked on all its plastic bills. Watermarks are sometimes simulated on polymer currency by printing an according pattern, but with little anti-counterfeiting effect. A similar effect can be achieved by iriodin varnish which creates reflections under certain viewing angles only and is transparent otherwise. Because the ink is white, it cannot be photocopied or scanned. Printed with white ink, simulated watermarks have a different reflectance than the base paper and can be seen at an angle. Watermark in a 5 euro (series ES2) from European Central Bank Polymer can include transparent windows, diffraction grating and raised printing. Some countries, including Canada, Nigeria, Romania, Mexico, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Israel, Singapore, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Australia, produce polymer (plastic) banknotes, to improve longevity and to make counterfeiting more difficult. All of this makes it difficult to reproduce using common counterfeiting techniques.
WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH WINDOWS
Paper substrate may also include windows based on laser-cut holes covered by a security foil with holographic elements. The substrate of most banknotes is made of paper, almost always from cotton fibres for strength and durability in some cases linen or speciality coloured or forensic fibres are added to give the paper added individuality and protect against counterfeiting.
WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH REGISTRATION
WHAT IS A VOID PANTOGRAPH SERIES
A hologram on a Series 1 (ES1) 50 Euro banknote